Who may discover an illegal substitute?

• A. Umpire.
• B. Home team.
• C. Visiting team.
• D. All of the above.

Answer: (D)

An illegal substitute can be discovered by anyone who spots the issue—the umpire is the official who rules on legality, but the home team and the visiting team can notice and raise it as well. The rules expect proper substitutions to be observed by all participants, and when someone detects an illegal entry, they may bring it to the umpire’s attention for enforcement. This makes all of the above correct because each group has the opportunity to identify and address the situation. For example, if a substitute enters without proper reporting or eligibility, a coach from either team can point it out and the umpire will apply the appropriate penalty.